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ABSTRACT

This paper  examines modern achievements in the theory and practical application of dowsing
on the basis of  extensive research publications both in Russia and abroad. The paper outlines
the views of competent researchers on the nature of the dowsing field and  possible biophysical mechanisms of  the effects of this field on the dowser.

Particular importance is attached to the achievements of dowsing in the practical aspect : in
applied geology and geophysics -  prospecting for water resources and minerals ;  in  ecology
- location of  zones of biological comfort and discomfort ; in medicine - identification of
relationship between cancer cases and geopathogenic zones ; in land and marine geology -
reconnaissance and prospecting for oil and gas deposits ; in engineering - as a method of
non-destructive control aimed at identifying the risk and reliability of engineering and other
installations.

INTRODUCTION

Many years have elapsed  since the previous reviews on the development of dowsing in
Russia, the CIS and overseas {1,28} . This period has seen a substantial growth in the
application of dowsing  for research and practical work conducted in geology, mining,
architecture, town-building, and ecology. It should also be noted that the scientific world has
changed its attitude towards dowsing . Qualified researchers working in various fields of
science have been displaying growing interest in problems of dowsing. They have conducted
fundamental and experimental studies in the mechanisms of the biophysical  effect of the
dowsing field on humans.

Extensive  research  and  practical projects in the field of dowsing have been conducted at the
request of private companies and  state institutions. Various foundations have provided the
financing and grants, particularly in the field of geology and geophysics.  At the same time,
there has been a growing number of  people attending short-term dowsing courses. This, in
turn, has led to the emergence of popular publications and non-professionals who discredit this
important field of human activity.

The economic advantages which dowsing entails in various fields of human activity are beyond
any doubt. These advantages  are becoming increasingly recognizable  for  top managers in
industry, the medical sphere, and in business. Express diagnostics based on the dowsing
method is developing into an important method of  fast and non-destructive control. This is
particularly important in places where the operators or dispatchers ( at thermal or nuclear
power plants) have to control and monitor a big number of units. It should be emphasized that
all data on dowsing application provided in this paper come from properly screened and
talented dowsers with a wealth of experience in this field.

1. Fundamental and experimental studies in dowsing

Man's ability to operate dowsing still remains an enigmatic biophysical phenomenon. However,
serious attempts have been made to decipher this phenomenon by qualified researchers in
physics, geology, geophysics, biophysics, medicine. These studies have been facilitated to a
considerable extent by research papers  and monographs published in various parts of the
world which illustrate the specific features of dowsing, the mechanisms of its impact on man
and  which, at the same time, open new vistas for its application in various practical fields of
human activity {2-9}.

An analysis of the above-mentioned publications indicates to the fact that dowsing is based on
the hyper-sensitivity of the human organism  to geophysical and  cosmic fields, to irradiation
and their gradients, irrespective of the field tension level and the type of incoming  signals.  The
extreme sensitivity of man to weak and ultra-weak fields and irradiation has been aptly
described by Professor H.Berkhemer from the Department of Terrestrial Science at the
Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics of the Johann W. v. Goethe University in
Frankfurt-am-Main : " There are many indications  that man , with his complex biological
system,  in a sensitized state , can process minute changes in the strength of known and other not yet identified fields, the latent ability for which may still originate from earlier phases of evolution" {10}. This fully reflects one of man's important biophysical aspects with regard to dowsing.

Man's ability to dowsing displays yet another important feature associated with man's
paranormal characteristics, specifically extrasensorial reception which, so far, has no
explanation according to the laws of classical physics. This prevents most orthodox scientists
from recognizing dowsing as a scientific discipline, inasmuch as it fails to conform with their
understanding of the physics of this phenomenon . Serious fundamental and experimental
attempts have already been undertaken to provide a scientific interpretation of man's unusual
abilities and to explain them on the basis of the postulates and laws of quantum physics {11}.
The extrasensorial abilities of man which have been noted point to new aspects in the existing
knowledge of human psychology, the role of the mind, the subconscious, and intuition in our
relationship with the outside world {12}.

This is particularly vivid when we apply the so-called method of remote dowsing according to
which the dowser derives information about the location of a remote object (water aquifer, oil
or mineral deposits, etc.) using a geographical map, frame, or pendulum for dowsing  This is
described in detail by the well-known Russian specialist in dowsing Professor  A.I.Pluzhnikov
(head researcher for "Geoleptonika", a Moscow based company) who has developed a school of his own and has numerous followers {13}, and in a monograph by Joe McMoneagle, a well known researcher in the problem of remote viewing {16}.

To illustrate the application of remote viewing we may refer to studies conducted by marine
hydrology specialist Captain R.A.Dubovik (Reserve), currently engineer-hydrographer for the
Navigation and Oceanography Department in Moscow, Russia. Captain Dubovik applied
various methods of dowsing (remote viewing and simulation) to construct surface water
circulation maps for the North Atlantic, part of the Pacific Ocean, and the Sea of Okhotsk. In
these he indicated the vortexes and their depth, the vertical distribution of  temperatures, and
other indices.  Data obtained by dowsing methods are well correlated with data from official
hydrological sources, satellite observations and direct oceanographic surveys {14}.

Remote perception indicates that man is capable of maintaining contact with the outside world
relying on dowsing and his own paranormal abilities . In this case dowsing should be
recognized as an all-purpose method  of cognition in  natural science and acquisition of
information from the environment. This specific factor has been well noted by Dr.
A.G.Parkhomov, a prominent Russian physicist and  specialist in the field of extrasensorial
activities (Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology):   "?.dowsing makes it possible to
overcome the gap between the mind and the subconsciousness and, thus, to facilitate man's
entry into the world of extrasensorial perceptions" {15}. Joe McMoneagle, a highly gifted
person in the sphere of extrasensoriaL activities, notes the great similarity between human
abilities to dowsing and remote viewing in his circumstantial book {16}.

Studies conducted by V.C.Reddish, Professor (Emeritus) of Astronomy at Edinburgh
University deserve special mention when we attempt to examine the physical bases of dowsing.
The research team led by Professor Reddish specialized in the study of the physical bases of
dowsing and, for a number of years, conducted investigations of the dowsing phenomenon by
the  method of  interferometry on the surface of the Earth {17}. The researchers arrived at the
following conclusions : 1) the dowsing force field is of a wave nature, but is not an
electromagnetic field ; 2)  the spatial distribution of interferometric lines varies in the course of
one year - there is a sharp increase in the width between the lines in April and a rapid decrease at the end of November, with an isolated maximum in March.  This  variation in the width of the lines is repeated year after year which is an indication of the fact this phenomenon is
associated with cosmic factors and the movement of the Earth in outer space ; 3) in view of the variations in the interferometric patterns it may be assumed that the dowser is exposed to
several types of fields simultaneously.

The researchers believe that the interferometric  picture is stable and comprises 9 clearcut
maximum lines with an  interval of 2.3 metres between them. This is an indication of the stability of wave processes. The studies revealed yet another interesting phenomenon. Whenever the
experimental sample was a plastic pipe (and not  the traditional copper wire) which had laid on
the ground for about an hour, after its removal the parallel maximum lines did not disappear
immediately but only after a few  minutes. This means that the Earth possesses hysteresis with
regard to the system of  standing waves in this force field.

This phenomenon may find its explanation in the theory developed by Yu.V.Volkov, a Russian
physicist who conducts fundamental research at the Computer Centre of Moscow University.
His theory concerns the existence of "phase and force waves in a pulsating space" {18,19} .
There is also explanation to be found  in the theory of the German scientist Dr. H.Muller in
Erfurt, Thuringia concerning the role of standing gravitational waves in world space as the basis
of all physical process in living and non-living matter {20-22}.

Other ideas have been put forward in fundamental research conducted by  V.I.Gridin,
Professor of Geology at the Moscow Institute of  Problems of Gas and Oil, and  Dr. E.Z.Gak,
a geophysicist at the  Agrophysical Institute in St. Petersburg. Both researchers believe that the
development of the dowsing field is heavily influenced by the Coriolis rotation forces and the
tangential  forces which originate on the borders of gravitational anomalies where the
lithosphere of the Earth is ruptured under the gravitational impact of the forces of the Solar
system {23}. These researchers believe that these forces cause the rotation of the frame  in the
hands of the dowser only in those cases when he moves counter the acting forces .

A.G.Parkhomov comes forth with his hypothesis on the physical mechanism of dowsing in the
case of reconnaissance for ore deposits, subterranean  aquifers, and various types of
engineering lines {15}. This researcher believes that dowsers are affected by the  flux of
ultra-low energy neutrino with a wave length of 0.8 - 1.1 mm. This neutrino flux is refracted,
reflected, and dispersed at the borders of media with different properties. Since this neutrino
flux is subjected to the influence of gravitational fields its oscillations display rhythms associated
with the axial rotation of the Earth and the positions of the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun. The
researcher bases his calculations on the assumption that the dowsing field is  perceived by the
spinal column of man which is a sort of  active linear  antenna grid with a period equal to the
spacing of the vertebrae (3-4 cm). The influence of cosmic and geophysical factors on the
exceptionally high sensitivity of man, animals, and plants is mentioned in the circumstantial
publication by the Cuban researcher , Doctor of Geology L. Lufriu {24}.

Another problem, that is actively discussed in the fundamental aspects of dowsing, is
associated with the Hartmann and Curry  energy and force grids and lines . The problem is
also discussed in detail in the monograph by the Swiss researcher M.Mettler {25}  and has
recently found serious physical corroboration in the works of the German researcher
S.Prumbach {26} and the British physicist A.Hall {27} on the role played by subterranean
water flows and telluric currents in the formation of peculiar vortexes on the surface of the
Earth. These vortexes appear in the form of spirals and may be identified by dowsers both on
the open ground and on snow covered fields.

In the course of studies of global grids and lines, geophysicist Professor A.A.Drozdovskaya of
the Institute of Applied Problems of Ecology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry under the
Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in Kiev, arrived at the conclusion that the regular grid lines are
not merely flat grid formations on the surface of the Earth, but constitute volumetric framework
structures made up of two-dimensional disks which cut through the axis of the Earth and are
oriented differently with regard to longitudes and latitudes. This forms a unified energy
framework of our planet which operates as an energy exchange mechanism within the
Biosphere -- Earth -Cosmos system, and which, in turn, develops close links between the
Earth and cosmic fields and irradiation {45,46}

2. Applied geology and geophysics

2.1. Geology

Dowsing techniques have long been actively in use in various spheres of geology and
geophysics, e.g. for the reconnaissance of mineral deposits and  water resources, for the study
of geological structures and identification of  zones of anomaly. A detailed review of the
methods and techniques applied in dowsing over the past decade has been provided by
I.A.Nepomnyaschiy, N.N.Sochevanov and O.A.Isayeva from the Institute of Economics of
Mineral Resources and Geological Prospecting in Moscow. These geologists have studied
numerous patents on the application of dowsing in prospecting for oil, ore, and gas deposits
and its integrated use with other methods {28}.

The authors of the review stress the particular importance of studies which incorporate
dowsing with geochemical,  geophysical, geological, and biophysical methods of prospecting
for mineral deposits. As an illustration of this we may refer to studies conducted by
V.A.Tischenko, L.S.Kravchenko and other geologists at Saratov University in Russia. Remote
dowsing  based on a topographical map scale 1:25,000  was integrated with seismic,
geochemical, and mineralogical studies in exploratory wells sunk in the process of gas and oil
prospecting {29}.  These studies showed that within the dowsing zones of anomaly there was
a high concentration of heavy hydrocarbons (from butane to hexane) which  was more than
double the concentration of these gases beyond the zone of anomaly. The researchers recommended the use of dowsing as an integral part of geological prospecting since it allows to cut back substantially expenses on traditional geochemical and geophysical methods of deep
well drilling.

Explorations of gold ore deposits, conducted by Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy
A.L.Kovalevsky , head researcher at the Buryat  Research Center of the Siberian branch of
the Russian Academy of Sciences in Ulan-Ude, and V.E.Landa (Ph.D. Geol.& Miner.),leading researcher at the Transbaikal  Research Centre in Chita , testify to the necessity of combining dowsing with the biochemical analysis of plants and  electrical prospecting. These geological researchers believe that the integrated application of dowsing with other methods is particularly expedient in difficult terrain where sections of the Earth are overlapped by powerful ore deposits, and  where it is essential to conduct detailed reconnaissance, prospecting , and
structural geology operations. Dowsing should be applied with the purpose of identifying
various anomalies and selecting promising regions for mining and drilling operations in oil, gas,
and water prospecting {30}.

2.2. Geophysics

One of the most outstanding works in the field of dowsing and applied geophysics was the
fundamental  field exploration for water resources in arid zones of the world conducted by a
big group of German scientists led by Professor H.-D.Betz of  Munich University {31}. In
these operations the geophysicists and geologists were joined by dowsers that had been
carefully tested. Among them was the highly gifted engineer H.Schroeter {32}. The project
which provided for the use of dowsing in prospecting for water in Sri Lanka, Congo, Niger,
Kenya, Yemen, Namibia, the Dominican Republic, and other arid areas was financed by the
German Ministry for Research and Technology and conducted in cooperation with the German Society for Integrated Engineering Projects (GSIEP).

Professor H.-D. Betz reported the results of research to the Geophysical Society of Germany
in Leipzig. They were discussed at the international  seminar of specialists on terrestrial
sciences and won high acclaim of  the scientific community. Professor H.Berkhemer, who was
project reviewer, gave the following assessment to the research results : "In the following
report the author describes the impressive and amazing results obtained  by numerous GTZ
projects within the main field of water detection in arid areas in many countries ,especially by means of the dowsing technique" {10}.

 Extensive studies conducted on the basis of precise techniques incorporated blind and double
blind experiments, verification of dowsing prognosis by direct exploratory well drilling ,the
application of modern geophysical instruments for seismic and geo-electromagnetic studies,
and accurate registration of all experimental conditions. This brought the following important
scientific and practical results :
1. There is proof of the full professional suitability of dowsing in the sphere of terrestrial
sciences, particularly in hydrogeology ;
2. Exploration of aquifers based on dowsing resulted in an 80 % average pinpointing of
locations for drilling high-debit wells, something that cannot be achieved by classical  methods
of prospecting for water. In Sri Lanka the efficiency of dowsing exploration reached 96% for a total of 691 wells drilled for water;
3. Dowsers that had been  screened and  properly tested can be used for hydrogeological
exploration, specifically for identifying the most promising sites for well drilling ;
4. In order to ensure the most efficient operation in the sphere of engineering and ecological
geology the dowser shall always work hand in hand with specialists from these fields of
science.

2.3. Instrumental support for dowsing

Dowsers nowadays, much like in the past, use rods or pendulums in their operation. Today,
they enjoy the assistance of geophysical instruments which measure various physical
parameters of the exploratory sites and human reaction to these parameters. This issue has
been examined in detail by Professors Yu.V.Gotovsky and Yu.F.Perov ( "IMEDIS" Moscow
Center for Intellectual Medical Systems) in their monograph which reviews over 100 patents of various devices and methods for measuring irradiation in geopathogenic zones and  protection of man {57}. To date, the number of patents pending and approved patents in this sphere has grown considerably and  exceeded 300 (O.A.Isayeva, personal report).

One of these instruments is a unique indicator of geophysical anomalies (IGA-1) which has
been invented and developed by the Russian engineer Yu.P.Kravchenko (Ufa Aviation
Engineering University). This indicator is used for the express diagnostics of geological and
geophysical anomalies: identification of geological faults, water flows and veins, their
intersections, karst caverns, lines and nodes in Hartmann and Curry grids, borders of
geopathogenic and technopathogenic zones, etc. {33-35}. The instrument  is a hypersensitive
resonance measuring device for electromagnetic frequencies in the range of 1-100 picovolts
(10/-12 V) which is tuned to a fixed frequency of the natural electromagnetic emanation of the
Earth's field in the range of super long waves (1 - 15 kHz).

For an output parameter is taken the phase shift integral on the receiving frequency, whose
value changes on the borders of media transitions : "ground - cavern", "ground - pipe", "solid
ground - void" and energy emanations.  The "IGA-1" instrument makes it possible to identify
very precisely the borders of active faults and zones of anomaly, to register the Hartmann and
Curry grid structures and lines, (known to dowsers), their intersections (nodes), to locate
individual energy spots both on a surface (floor or ground) and  within the entire volume of a
residential or industrial building.

Engineer E.G.Bondarenko (St. Petersburg, Russia), who has developed a unique  biofield
sensor, which is capable of interacting with non-electromagnetic fields , insists on the
non-electromagnetic nature of the human biofield which interacts with the field of the Earth
{36}. The sensor changes its conductivity under the impact of the dowser's brain activity or his
changing emotional state. The dowser draws information from the environment, it is
transformed by the brain and the sensor picks up the signals of the human brain.
E.G.Bondarenko reports on the use of the biofield sensor in geological prospecting, in
emergency and life-saving operations, in the search for subterranean water resources,
anomalous filtration zones within dams and dykes, in identifying geopathogenic zones, etc.

Biophysicist Dr. L.Mersmann has  developed a high-class integrated geophysical instrument
{37}. It is a combination of  radiometer and geo-magnetometer and provides a
three-dimensional  spatial image of the state of the geophysical parameters within a given
section of land or building. The instrument is fully computerized and very handy in field
geological, geophysical, and ecological operations. It has already been used for a number of
years by  specialists working in various spheres and  has been tested successfully in many
ecological studies {38}. The Russian woman radiophysicist Dr..O.A.Isayeva who has been
studying the problem of dowsing for  many years, has suggested the radiation method for
identifying pathogenic zones using standard radiometers {39}. This simple and reliable method
is based on the fact that geopathogenic zones display changing parameters of the radiation
background, the ionization level, and atmospheric electricity {5,34,40}.

3. Medicine

It should be emphasized that information on the progress in dowsing cited in his paper
constitutes but the tip of the iceberg, inasmuch as over he past decade dowsers have
conducted numerous and important studies in the field of geological ecology and health
protection.

Such specialists in ecological geology as E.K.Melnikov ("Nevskgeologia" under the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation in  St. Petersburg) and V.A.Rudnik (Institute of Geology and  Precambrian Geochronology  under the Russian Academy of Sciences) have
conducted studies showing that  active faults within the earth's crust have their impact on man
due to the combined action of low-amplitude electromagnetic radiation (in which the H
component is 5-50 microV/m, while the Z component is less than 100 kHz), the sharp
reduction in the concentration of negatively charged aeroions (600/cu.cm with the admissible
level equal to 1,500  and the optimum level ranging from 3,000 to 5,000),the atmospheric
chemical anomalies within the fault zones where sulphurous and volatile compounds of rhenium, helium, and methane are released in big amounts {41,42,43}.

As a result of studies conducted it has been found that the number of ts of the world and
accumulated a wealth of  material on the harmful effects of geopathogenic zones and their
combined impact with artificial electromagnetic fields on the health of man. His investigations
have been carefully documented and substantiated by geophysical measurements. They have
also been summarized according to different diseases, including oncology, disseminated
sclerosis, depression, stress, fatigue syndrome and nervous tension, etc. And published in
scientific journals {48,49,50}.

A new technique for identifying geopathogenic effects on man has been developed over the
past few years by a group of researchers {51}. It is called the vegetative resonance test (VRT) is based on the method of electropunctural and bioresonance diagnostics. The technique boils down to measuring the Electrical conductivity of a certain biologically active point on the human body at the time when a control (test) homeopathic preparation is introduced into the measuring circuit. This electromagnetic circuit makes it possible to identify the existence or absence in the human organism of any disturbance under the impact of various environmental factors, particularly geopathogenic emanations. The reaction of the human body to VRT is an indication of the influence or absence of harmful effects from the location.

Medical specialists studying health problems with their patients by the VRT method  have
found that exposure to geopathogenic zones leads to various  health disturbances - depletion of the immune system, hormonal, psycho-vegetative, and intestinal diseases, as well as arthralgia and polyarthritis {52}. Investigations have shown that over 90 % of  cardiovascular diseases (infarction, apoplexy), 80% of cancer cases, and 70% of  gynecological diseases (myome of the uterus) are associated with the harmful effects of geopathogenic factors in dwellings or
work places  {53}.

On the basis of the fore mentioned it becomes clear that the geoactive zones, which are formed at the intersection of fault lines, water oil prospecting using dowsing on board an aircraft {57}.
Merited  geologist of Russia Dr. E.K.Melnikov was in charge of geological and geophysical
operations at the state owned "Nevskgeologia" unit. He applied dowsing for prospecting and
mapping ore deposits (uranium, diamonds), the depth of these deposits (100-350 meters) with
an accuracy of  +/- 25% operating from  motor vehicles and aircraft (personal reports).

In conclusion, it may be said with great confidence that dowsing has and continues to
contribute to geology, geophysics, ecology, medicine, and the economy of those countries
where dowsers conduct their operations. Research in various aspects of dowsing meet with
increasing support  of  top managers of state owned enterprises, research centers and the
scientific community at large. His attitude and the international recognition of dowsing are
based on the practical results achieved by dowsing in the national economy, health protection,
science, engineering and other fields of human activity.
 
 

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